Bomb-calorimeter.



l. A. RICHE.

BOMB CALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2. 1914.

1,163,367. Patented Dec. 7, 1915.

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VENTOR WITNESSES I W W 87% M 7 Mam em. 77 M A TT ORNE Y J. A. RICHE.

BOMB CALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2.1914.

1,163,367, Patented Dec. 7, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W/ T NE 885 8 INVE/V TOR w; iyazamm WW A TTOR/VEV JESSE A. RICHE, OF WOODHAVIEN, NEW YORK.

BoriB-cALoRIMETER.

Application filed June 2, 1914. Serial N 0. 842,489.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Jesse A. Rronn, a citizen of the United States, residing at 409a Ferris street, lVoodhaven, Long Island.

New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Bomb-Calorimeters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a calorimeter and more especially to a calorimeter to be used in connection with any type of calorimetric bomb.

One object of the invention is to provide a device of this character in the use of which errors due to radiation of heat through the wall or to conduction of heat through metallic parts will be eliminated.

Other objects are to provide a device of this character which will permit the placing of the bomb in position before being immers'ed in the liquid, which will be comparatively simple in construction, andwhich will be inexpensive to manufacture.

Other objects will in part be obvious in part be pointed out hereinafter.

Referring to the drawings showing an illustrative embodiment of the invention, Figure 1' is a vertical sectional view on the line A -A of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view on the line B-B of Fig." 1;

and

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the split ring for supporting the bomb.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates a cup of glass or other non-heat conducting material having a vacuum between its inner and outer walls, and which will hereinafter be termed the vacuum cup. This cup, which may be of any desired size and shape, is preferably positioned within a box 2 which may be formed of wood, and which is pref erably lined with a layer of heat insulating material 3, such as cork or the like. The

box 2 is provided with a removable cover 1 which is also preferably provided with a layer of cork or the like 5 and in addition with layers 6 and 7 of hair, felt or the like, the layer 6 being adapted to engage the upper edge of the vacuum cup 1 in order to prevent movement thereof, and the layer 7 being adapted to extend. within and engage the inner walls of the cup, as clearly shown, thus forming a tight joint which will prevent any escape of heat and which will at the same time reduce to a minimum any danger of breakage of the cup.

Secured to the cover 4 and extending Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. '7, 1915.

downwardly therefrom are tubes or rods 8 which telescope within tubes 9 which are secured to the box,2,in any suitable manner, adjacent the lower end thereof. Suitable catches 10 are provided for retaining the telescopic tubes or rods 8 in position. It will be understood that by releasing the catches 10 the cover 4; may be moved upward, and when in its raised position the catches may be released to engage the members 8,

thereby retainin the cover in its raised position.

In order to support the bomb, which may be of any approved type, within the vacuum cup a split ring 11, 12, is provided, which ring is secured to the lower endsof rods 13, which are formed of heat insulating material. The upper ends of the rods extend into the felt layers 6 and 7 and the rods are held in position by means of rods 14 with which they have threaded engagement which extend through the cover a and en gage nuts 15 preferably formed of heat insulating material. It will be seen from the description of the bomb supporting means that there is no direct path by which heat may be conducted fromthe outside of the device to the inside thereof or vice Versa. The split ring 11, 12, is so positioned with respect to the vacuum cup 1 that when the bomb is in position upon the ring and the cover is in its closed position, the bomb will be out of engagement with the walls of the cup 1 thereby permitting a free circulation of water upon all'sides ofthe bomb, thus insuring a uniform temperature oftheentire body of water. Furthermore the entire weight of the bomb is supported by the cover and not by the inner walls of the cup, thereby permitting the use of a lighter walled cup, resulting in an apparatus of lower heat 7 equivalent, thereby effecting a saving of time in the determinations and increasing the accuracy of the apparatus. v

Suitable electric connections 16 are pro-- vided which extend through thecover 4c and which are connectedto a suitable source of electrical energy 17 in circuit witha switch 18 and a fuse19, which fuse is of such size that it will permit a current of definite and predetermined strength to pass into the bomb, thereby insuring constancy of the heat of ignition.

A thermometer 20 of any suitable typeis provided which extends through an opening in the cover. Mounted upon the cover is a motor 21 to which is connected shaft bearing propellers 22, 22, by means of which the water in the cup is constantly stirred. This shaft is formed in 3 parts, in the modification shown, the lower part 23 and the upper part 24, which is connected with the motor direct, being of metal and the intermediate part 25 which connects the metallic parts being secured thereto in any suitable manner. The intermediate part 25 which passes through the cover and its lining is formed of heat insulating material, thereby preventing the propeller shaft acting as a conductor of heat.

It will be understood from the above description that the bomb may be placed in position upon the split ring 11, 12, and connected to the electrical conductors 16 while the cover ais in its raised position thereby avoiding the necessity of the user of the device placing his hands in the water which is in the cup. It will also be seen that a free space is provided between the bomb and the walls of the cup 1, thereby allowing a perfect circulation of water around the bomb. Errors due to radiation and conduction of heat are eliminated by reason of the vacuum chamber which exists between the walls of the cup, by reason of the felt layers 6 and 7, which are provided upon the under surface of the cover and which form close, airtight joints with the members which pass through the cover, and also by reason of the fact that there is no metallic path between the outside of the cup to the inside thereof.

While the cup 1 is shown as being positioned within a box 2, such box is not absolutely necessary, although it is preferable to use it. In order to have ready access to the cup 1 the box 2 may be provided with a door 26.

In operation the substance to be burned is prepared, weighed and placed in the bomb, which after being charged with 30 to 40 atmospheres of oxygen, is placed in the split ring and then'connected with: the wires 16. The water in the vacuum cup is brought to a temperature within 2 degrees of the tem perature of the room in which the cup is placed in position and the top lowered. The thermometer is then, put in place and the motor 21 is started. Readings are taken until the temperature of the water becomes constant, when the sample is ignited by closing switch 18 and readings are taken. Vhen the thermometer shows a constant temperature for three successive minutes the heat absorption is complete. The reading at ignition is taken as the initial reading and this subtracted from the final reading gives the total rise. This rise multiplied by the weight of water (plus the hydrothermal equivalent of the apparatus) gives the total number of calories liberated. From this is taken the heat resulting from the ignition and the nitric acid formed. This result d1- vided by the weight of substance gives the ing means carried by said cover, said means 7 being separate from the bomb.

2. In a bomb calorimeter, in combination, a cup, a cover therefor, supporting members depending from said cover, said members being formed of heat insulating material, and bomb supporting means carried by said depending members.

3. In a bomb calorimeter, in combination, a cup, a cover therefor, supporting members depending from said cover, and a split.

ring carried by said membersand adapted to support a bomb.

I. In a bomb calorimeter, in combination, a. cup, a cover therefor, bomb supporting means carried by said cover, and means for holding said cover in raised inoperative position relatively to said cup, whereby the bomb may be placed in or removed from said supporting means.

5. In a, bomb calorimeter, in combination, a cup, a cover therefor, bomb supporting means carried by said cover, and adjustable means for holding said cover in raised position relatively to said cup.

6. In a bomb calorimeter, in combination,

a cup, a cover therefor, bomb supporting means carried by said cover, and stirring means carried by said cover, said bomb supporting means and said stirring means being non-conductors of heat.

7. In a bomb calorimeter, in combination, a cup, a cover therefor and bomb supporting means and stirring means supported by said cover, said calorimeter being free from any heat conducting path between the interior of said cup and the outer air.

8. In a bomb calorimeter, in combination, a cup, a cover therefor provided with a' felt lining engaging the edge of said cup and extending within the upper end thereof, a motor carried by said cover, a shaft connected thereto and extending through said cover and said lining and into said cup, propellers carried on said shaft, and a bomb support carried by said cover and comprising means extending through said cover and said lining.

9. In a bomb calorimeter, in combination,

a cup, a cover therefor provided with a felt lining engaging the edge of said cup and extending Within the upper end thereof, a motor carried by said cover, a shaft connected thereto and extending through said cover and said lining and into said cup, PIO- I pellets carried on said shaft and a bomb support carried by said cover and co1npr1sing means extending through said cover and said lining, said means and said shaft being 10 non-conductors of heat.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of VVM. P. JoNEs,

JOHN C. SANDERS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addfessing the Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. G. 

